A Short Note On Anxiety Attacks And Depression - 1488 Words

Bob is a 26 year old white male who has been suffering from anxiety attacks and depression. He indicates that these issues presented themselves 6 years ago after a single use of the hallucenogenic drug LSD in college. He indicates a fear of flashbacks to that experience and says there in no other incident that could cause these issues. He also discusses a tumultuous relationship with his father and two brothers, and was significantly more shy than his siblings while growing up. He maintains that he has trouble holding down a job, and has little to no relationship with his male family members at this time. Presenting concerns: Bob indicates that he has been presenting with anxiety attacks during the night multiple times per week. He†¦show more content†¦The negative self- cencept created by accusations of lying and the physical altercations/ lack of realtionship with his brothers could lead to a dimished sense of self- worth, leading to Bob’s feelings of depression. Murdock wrote that â€Å"depression, for example, would be seen as probably involving a negative self concept that resulted from an excess of conditions of worth† (159). This indicates that Bob’s negative sense of worth could absolutely be the cause of his depressive tendancies, as well as his constant state of sadness. This sadness and anxiety (as mentioned above, where Bob sees where his problems are affecting his relationships) are the cause of his inability to hold down a job, have a stable relationship with his girlfriend, and avoid interactions with his father and brothers. Course of treatment and interventions utilized: Bob presented many of his self-visualized problems in our first session, and became somewhat sad while doing so. Bob indicated that he thought that he could reasonably complete his time in counseling after between 10 and 15 sessions, so it was agreed upon that we would function under the assumption that we would complete 12. In our first session, Bob described his experience with LSD in great detail, and indicated that this is the only cause of his anxiety that he could think of. He had trouble beginning to speak about his family life, however after a little encouragement, he was able to speakShow MoreRelatedSocial Phobia And Social Anxiety Disorder Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Phobia, also called social anxiety disorder (SAD), is one of the most common, but misconstrued mental health problems in society. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), over 15 million adults suffer from the disorder. First appearing in the DSM-III as Social Phobia, an d later in the DSM-IV as Social Anxiety Disorder, this newly established disorder denotes afflicting stress and anxiety associated with social situations (Zakri 677). According to James W. JeffersonRead MoreMedication Used As Anxiety Medication1439 Words   |  6 PagesSeizure Medication Used as Anxiety Medication Everyday someone is fighting a battle with an anxiety disorder. Anxiety is considered a mental illness that causes distress, worry, and fear to an individual. Some types of anxiety include the following: panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, and a generalized anxiety disorder with unrealistic worry (WebMD, 2016). The cause for anxiety is currently unknown, but environmental stress and changes in the brain can be linked factors (WebMDRead MoreBullying Is A Serious And Persistent Concern Facing Modern Youth Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesAs Jessica s mom entered her room, there was a note lying on her bed which read I will always remember and I will never forget... Monday: I experienced name calling for liking a boy, Tuesday: I received hurtful text messages from my friends, Wednesday: My peers bashed me with rude comments while in the hallways, and today, when you find this letter, it will all come to an end and I will finally encounter freedom. In shock, Jess ica s mom ran into the bathroom and found her daughter lying onRead MoreNegative Effects Of Instagram1439 Words   |  6 Pagesself-esteem, anxiety and negative body image proved to have high correlation with the use of Instagram. Rated the most negative social media platform, Instagram has created unrealistic expectations people set for themselves (Cramer Inkster, 2017). To take a more specific look, Richard M. Perloff examined mental health in comparison to women’s body image comparisons made through social media. Perloff takes into account social comparison as a factor that decreases self-esteem and increases anxiety. NoteRead MoreAttempts to Legalize Marijuana in Missouri Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagesyour kids’ lives. The short and long term effects of marijuana include impaired vision, time perception and sensory, difficulty with thinking, concentrating and problem solving; shortened attention span, decreased alertness, impaired learning and memory, and euphoria. Additionally, marijuana use can lead to disturbed thoughts and can worsen psychotic symptoms in schizophrenics. Long term and short term users often experience lower motivation, and some experience panic attacks, respiratory problemsRead MoreThe Negative Aspects Of A Career1369 Words   |  6 Pagesadults in the the U.S. experience stress or anxiety daily. In specific, CRNA’s are faced with severely high stress and anxiety which can result in devastating and extremely risky illnesses and symptoms. A CRNA’s roles and responsibilities can be extremely difficult and are one of the main reasons why they have to experience such high levels of stress and anxiety. Student Registered Nurse Anesthetist or SRNAs also have to face high levels of stress and anxiety when preparing for this career. CRNA’s areRead MoreChildhood Illness : A Look At Postpartum Depression1538 Words   |  7 PagesMaternal Mental illness: A look at Postpartum Depression, its new inclusion into DSM-5, and treatment issues Antonella Uribe John Jay College of Criminal Justice INTRODUCTION Sandra was a 26 year old mother of four children who had been married for eight years. She had given birth to her fourth child two months ago, with the help of a midwife. Due to her husband’s recent pay cut, and already difficult financial situation, Sandra did not receive any antenatal or postnatalRead MorePanic Disorder And Anxiety Disorder1674 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Torpy (2011), Panic Disorder refers to an overwhelming fear, terror, or fright that is usually referred to as panic, one that happens to an individual several times in his or her life. She goes on to describe panic as a situation that is short-lived and frequently related to a terrifying event that happens in an individual’s life. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to provide a detailed discussion that shows a definitive picture of panic disorder. In order to enhance one’s understandingRead MorePostpartum Depression And Postpartum Psychosis1135 Words   |  5 PagesPostpartum Dep ression vs Postpartum Psychosis 1. Postpartum Depression vs Postpartum Psychosis 2. Faith Williams 3. Comp 1 4. Abstract Ongoing sleep deprivation, the intense experience of birth, radical role shifts, and hormonal fluctuations all collide to produce mood swings, irritability, and feelings of being overwhelmed in the majority of mothers. While as many as 80% experience some form of the â€Å"baby blues,† a smaller percentage experience Postpartum Depression, with even fewer momsRead MoreDetection Of Alcohol And Drug Use, And Definition Of Addiction1617 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom responsibility. General changes in overall attitude. Deterioration of physical appearance and grooming. Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times. Continual wearing of long-sleeved garments particularly in hot weather or reluctance to wear short sleeved attire when appropriate. Association with known substance abusers. Unusual borrowing of money from friends, co-workers or parents. Stealing small items from employer, home or school. Secretive behavior regarding actions and possessions; poorly

The Music Man in Concert - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 676 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Concert Review Did you like this example? On Saturday, September 29th at 7:30 pm I attended The Music Man in Concert presenting Meredith Willson held at OCCC. The actual block was Visual art program which was near the box office. The concert was free to all if they are OCCC students. I booked my ticket one week earlier so that I would not miss my concert and was afraid of not getting the ticket. Starring Oklahoma favorite Jonathan Beck Reed and Oklahoma native and Broadway leading lady Teri Bibb (ChristineThe Phantom of the Opera, She Loves Me), and featuring the talents of performers from arts organizations the city over, this unique concert version will be a hit with the entire family. So, lets talk about the concert. I was in the parking lot at 7:30 pm. I was already late for the concert. My friend was waiting inside the box office to pick up the concert ticket. I called him on the phone and we met at the box office. There was a lot of people still coming to get a ticket. But we already booked our ticket, so I straight went to call and asked if they had our ticket. Finally, we had our ticket and started to go inside the theatre hall and I feel little bad because the how was already started. I felt bad because the show was already started, and the performance and music were also already started. The orchestra had 25 vocals, 2 violins, 1 bass, 1 cello, 1 piano and 3 trumpet s. All setups were so managed, and all the performer looked active and the sound system was very clear and enjoyable. During the concert, I was looking for my professor M. Boyle and was glad to hear his performance but unfortunately, I could not see him as I was a little far from the stage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Music Man in Concert" essay for you Create order There was a two act in this concert. I really enjoy both acts. Lets talk about act one; a railroad conductor announces the next stop, River City, Iowa, to a coach filled with traveling salesmen. Speaking rhythmically (keeping time with the movement of the train), the salesmen begin a conversation about the merits of cash versus credit and the ways their products and lives have changed as the result of modern merchandising (Rock Island). As the train stops in River City, Cowell, who has been trying to find and expose Hill, mentions that Hill wouldnt get far with the stubborn Iowans. Before the train begins to move again, a salesman who has quietly been playing cards, grabs his suitcase and announces that the conversation has prompted him to give Iowa a try. When asked his name, the stranger flashes his suitcase, bearing the name Prof. Harold Hill, and quickly exits the train as it starts to move. He finds himself facing River Citys Main Street, decorated with Fourth of July bunting and crowded with townspeople. So, this is the story of act one. The story was interesting, and the background music was also good. I really enjoy the voice of Marian Paroo. Her acting and her dress up was amazing. Likewise, more songs were played, and all the musicians were pitch perfect in playing the beat. I was lost while hearing the song as it was so beautiful and very smooth. All of them were so professional and energetic. Some were dressed formal while many were casual like me and mostly were wearing mix. I really enjoyed every piece of the concert. Some piece made me happy and was calm and relaxed whereas some carried the joy of sorrow. Everyone clapped for a while after the last piece was played. Everyone was appreciating the whole orchestral. Honestly, enjoyed every single moment and I feel lucky to be a part of music appreciation student. I would like to thank my Professor Boyle for providing such a great an opportunity. I enjoyed this concert thoroughly. It was my first time in an orchestra. I was curious to see such many musical instruments together for the first time. It was also very knowledgeable and wonderful to know more about the program.

Comparing Shakespeare s Hamlet And Blake s Song Of...

Compare the ways in which Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Blake’s Song of Innocence poems have explored the theme of religion. Religion in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is questioned directly throughout the play whereas Blake’s poetry indirectly queries religion and implies that it’s God that will lead your soul to a happier life. This is evident in Blake’s poetry as he portrays God as a helpful being but makes the audience contemplate the negative connotations around his religious imagery; such as the angel in The Chimney Sweeper (henceforth referenced as SOI) can be portrayed as an oppressive agent because he is ordering Tom to do an undesirable job. This connects to the fact Blake disapproved of the Enlightenment, where he favored personal rather than institutional religious experience, so his religious views were considered unorthodox. Shakespeare’s Hamlet was written to illustrate fundamental problems of the Renaissance because the dominant religion fragmented from Catholic to Protestant. The changing attitudes and confusion led to people questioning religion which is highligh ted throughout play. Initially, the ideas of religious innocence and purity in Blake’s poem SOI are features in Shakespeare’s characters Ophelia and Hamlet. Hamlet is used to undermine Ophelia’s religious purity and innocence, because she’s disregarded her faith. This is shown in two Acts; firstly, ‘†¦ Beauty will sooner transform honesty from what it is to a bawd than the force of honesty†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘Get thee to aShow MoreRelatedBusiness and Management2600 Words   |  11 Pagesat the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Barnet, S., Cain, W.E., Burto, W. (2011). Literature for composition: Essays, stories, poems, and plays (9th ed.). New York, NY: Longman. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Elements of Literature—Stories Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the

My Internship Year At St. Rita Catholic School - 999 Words

As I reflect on my internship year and first year at St. Rita Catholic School in Dallas, I have only become more entrenched in what I believe the root beliefs, shared purpose, and core values of an ideal school should be. Especially for a school with similar demographics and culture as that of St. Rita. My first root belief was that our school community believes that every child can and will learn. On the surface level at St. Rita, it appears that our school believes in this. St. Rita does a particularly good job at ensuring this with elementary students as there are many supports- including Tier 2 and Tier 3 supports, in place to help students. The conflict with this belief comes later on when if a student by the time they reach 4th grade†¦show more content†¦At. St. Rita, the students are from a very high SES. As a result, they are very cultured and often know things beyond what they should. This is in part due to the culture of our families, as many of the parents are not always around, instead a nanny or house manager present. Unfortunately, even when parents are around many of them have misguided perceptions of success and only care about social status and money. This in turn also heavily influences how our students think and view the world, especially students who hav e reached middle school age. By virtue of their wealth and zip code, many of these students will probably go on to be leaders- or at least hold leadership positions. We need to empower them to be civically engaged and active in their school, parish and community. We to want to help prepare them for their future careers. In a world that is becoming ever more connected and complex, we want those making decisions to be rooted in the Gospel and guided by a moral compass. A third root belief was that our school community believes that we serve God by serving others. This is very personal to me as I strongly believe that there is no greater joy in life than to serve a cause greater than oneself. For me that cause is to help form young men and women into leaders of character. Students at St. Rita do several service projects each year, especially those that are active in different leadership clubs. We even have a project at Christmas where we adopt

Research Article Critique free essay sample

The content of the abstract is a very good overview of the content and it is consistent with the content. The abstract summarizes the objective, design, setting, participants, measurements, and results. Problem/Purpose The problem being investigated is the risk of falls in the elderly population related to the effects of controlled and uncontrolled hypertension and orthostatic hypotension. The authors do identify the significance of the problem as falls for being the leading cause of disability for the elder generations. Adequate background information is not provided to support the problem because the subject at hand â€Å"has not been investigated previously† (Gangavati, et al. , 2011, p. 383). Explanation of the purpose of this study being conducted is provided by the authors. Literature Review The previous research articles and their outcomes are briefly described with different amounts of time from 1-3 minutes after individual is standing before a decrease in blood pressure of 10-20mmHg would occur and be related to a fall. The purpose â€Å"was to assess the association between hypertension, OH using multiple definitions, and their combination and the risk of recurrent falls in a community-dwelling elderly population† (Gangavati, et al. , 2011, p. 384). The list of twenty eight references is used is this article. There are eight references dated up to ten years old, four references dated five years old or less, and sixteen references that are more than ten years old with one of them being twenty-three years old. The authors do very briefly summarize their review of the literature as to what is known and not known to the study. They do explain a need for further study from previous research with a lack of knowledge in definitions of orthostatic hypertension presented. Framework/Theoretical Perspective The study is based upon a specific situation theory regarding the relationship between falls and changes in blood pressure of the elderly population older than seventy. The authors connect their theory to the study by demonstrating a connection between a change in systolic orthostatic hypotension and standing for one minute. This change in systolic orthostatic hypotension would prove to be increasing falls for the elder population with uncontrolled hypertension. Research Question(s) OR Hypotheses The hypothesis was that the risk of falls would be highest in people with uncontrolled hypertension and in those with orthostatic hypotension. The questions at hand of the research were to assess the association between hypertension, orthostatic hypotension using different definitions, and to assess their combination and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling elderly population. Variables The independent variables were the total number of individuals that were seventy years old or older living within a 5-mile radius of the study. These individuals would present with no hypertension, controlled hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension, and systolic orthostatic hypotension. The dependent variables are the blood pressure measurements, number of falls reported, and the amount of time standing from one to three minutes. The blood pressure measurements were taken at two different times at two minutes apart after five minutes of rest and an average of the two would be used in the analysis. The measurements of blood pressure were obtained using a manual blood pressure cuff that was accurate for size. The number of falls was reported over a year of time and at the end of each month on a monthly falls calendar and only counted if they had experienced two falls. Demographics of Sample A few examples of the demographics used in the sample was 22% non-white, 64% female,70% receiving antihypertensive medications, 38% history of falls and 25% with a history of stroke. Research Design The research design used was prospective population-based study. Prospective designs are a type of longitudinal design that can be experimental or non-experimental and they are â€Å"studies that begin in the present and end in the future† (Schmidt amp; Brown, 2012, p. 158). This study was a non-experimental prospective study completed on a population of the elderly followed over a course of a year. This design was appropriate to obtain the necessary data. Subjects were not necessarily assigned to the group but they were chosen depending on if they lived within five miles of the study, seventy years old or older, and the ability to meet certain criteria. There was no indication of a pilot study having been conducted. Sample/Setting The sampling criteria that had to be met were the individual had to be living in the five mile radius of the study and they had to remain in the area for three years. This research study used simple random sampling for the sampling method; with equal chances of being selected, less risk of bias, and ample representation of the population. People were chosen based on â€Å"ability to understand and communicate in English, ability to walk 20 feet without personal assistance, sufficient vision, and able to live in the area for at least 3 years† (Gangavati, et al. 2011, p. 384). Individuals were assessed with a baseline assessment that included medical history, fall history, cognition, medication, and in-clinic evaluations of balance, and muscle strength. Informed consent was obtained from all participants by written informed consent. The setting of the study was the community; this setting fit well wit h the study’s objectives. Measurement, Methods amp; Instruments Kaplan-Meier curves and Multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling were used to assess the risk of falls in participants with orthostatic ypotension. Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. Wilcoxon rank sum was used for continuous variables. A manual sphygmomanometer was used to obtain blood pressure readings. The type of measurement used was physiological measure at the ordinal level of measurement. The authors did discuss the reliability of measurements being obtained with individuals who had been trained in appropriate blood pressure techniques and for potential sources of error. Data Collection The data was collected for the number of falls by mail. The one month calendar was mailed back at the end of each month charting number of falls. Measurements for blood pressure were taken at 1 minute after standing and 3 minutes after standing, 2 blood pressures were taken while laying supine, and then again after resting 5 minutes. Data was collected by longitudinal design. The data was collected at home by the participant or the caregiver. Data Analysis The data analysis procedures were clearly described using description of follow-up time of truncation. The analysis listed characteristics of the groups and how they were compared. The data analysis procedures were appropriate for the type of data being collected because it was a systematic review of the data that was collected for the research study. Statistical Analyses The analysis included an alpha level of 0. 05 to determine statistical importance. This alpha level indicated that the researchers felt 95% confident in that the risk of falls in the population being tested would be related to uncontrolled hypertension and orthostatic hypotension. Limitations The limitations that were identified by this research study was a bias for number of falls through the use of a falls calendar and standing blood pressure was not measured beyond 3 minutes. The findings were also limited because of the population was a majority of Caucasians, and limited to community-dwelling adults. There was also limitation on knowledge of any medication changes during this time. Other limitations I can think of is we do not know if individuals were accurately checking the blood pressure each day or was it just in the preset of the study. Implication of Findings The implications for nursing were not clearly described in this study. Some implications for nursing that were not described are to become more aware of orthostatic hypotension upon standing of the elderly and to oversee compliance of hypertensive medications. Further study was suggested in order to confirm findings in a clinical trial setting. Generalization of Findings The authors did generalize the findings in this research study. They did not apply their findings beyond this study. It is not indicated in the study that they applied any findings to the population in general. Format I did not see any spelling, punctuation, or grammatical errors. The sentence structure was good. This research was difficult to interpret at first but after reading it a couple of times and breaking down the information being provided it was more logical. Overall Evaluation The steps of the research process were logically linked together. The hypothesis of this study did make sense based on review of the literature. The method used in this research prospective population-based study and the qualitative data collected did fit well with the intent of the study.

Pediatrics Physical Therapy Biomechanical and Neurophysiological

Question: Discuss about the Pediatrics Physical Therapy for Biomechanical and Neurophysiological? Answer: The differences between the Biomechanical And Neurophysiological approaches to orthosis A foot orthosis (prescribed) is considered as an in-shoe brace that is designed in order to correct abnormal foot as well as lower extremity function. The lower extremity may include the knee, leg, foot, hip and thigh. There are two types of approaches to the orthosis, such as neurophysiological approach and biomechanical approach. According to Kotwicki Grivas, (2012) the neurophysiological Ankle-Foot Orthosis (NP-AFO) is considered as a polypropylene device, which is vacuum-formed over a plaster model of the patients affected feet as well as lower extremity. On the other hand, Bar-On et al., (2013) suggested that there are different types of biomechanical Ankle-Foot Orthosis (AFO), such as Teufel AFO, the TIRR AFO etc. the Teufel posterior leaf-spring orthosis was prepared by Ortholen, which is a high density polyethylene. The Hartshill AFO was especially developed for the drop foot. However, it is also discovered that in most of the cases the neurophysiological approaches and biom echnical approaches are overlapped with each other. A neurophysiological force is used to inhibit the toe group reflex (gastroc-nemius-soleus and toe flexus). This step is performed by unweighting the metatarsal heads by using metatarsal arch. A neurophysiological force, in the context of plantar surface of the foot is useful to facilitate the eversion refex. It is also helpful to recruit more control for heep and knee stability asdiscussed by (Kotwicki Grivas, 2012). On the other hand, biomechanical approaches are through the flexibility of ankle and foot due to the configuration and timeliness of the neurophysiological Ankle-Foot Orthosis (NP-AFO). The primary purpose of posting According to Bousie, (2013) there are three types of orthotic postings, which affect in different manner in first MTP (metatarsophakangeal) joint kinematics. Posting in the aspects of orthosis is used to refer the process of angling or tilting in the context of an orthotic shell, shoe or insole in order to alter motion or the joint forces. The posting can be used to the forefoot or the rearfoot of a device. However according to Tang et al., (2015) it is observed that the determination of the application of posting that is how much and where to apply posting is considered as a very critical choice. However, the main purpose of posting is to manage supination or pronation of the foot. However, Mulligan, (2011) challenged in their article that the effect of posting in the aspect of the functional control is found as influential for the foot in the period of gait. The three types of postings are Rearfoot Posting, Forefoot Posting and Arch Fill. However, it is also found that posting can be extrinsic or intrinsic. The intrinsic are on positive cast while the extrinsic are on shell. According to (Bousie, 2013) it is also observed that the clinician can use a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic posting at the rearfoot and forefoot in order to manage the supination or pronation of the foot. In rearfoot posting the contact phase is early midstance or heel strike. The Arch Fill is Stance phase midstance. On the other hand, the contact phase of forefoot posting is propulsion phase, Toe Off/ FF load. The use of supramalleolar orthosis (SMO) After studying supramalleolar orthosis (SMO) it can be said that SMO could be used to normalize excessive subtalar eversion as well as midtarsal dorsiflexion throughout the stance phase of gait associated with distal hypotonia. According to AAA SMO (supramalleolar orthosis), like other orthosis is named after the body part for which the SMO (supramalleolar orthosis) encompasses. The SMO is used to support the part of the leg, which is just above the malleoli or anklebones. On the other hand, Carmick, (2012), opined that SMO could be recognized as the shortest of the AFOs (Ankle Foot Orthoses). From researches, it is found that SMO is designed in order to maintain a neutral heel or a vertical heel. In the mean time, SMO is helpful to support three arches of the feet. Therefore, it can be said that the use of SMO could be used to normalize excessive subtalar eversion as well as midtarsal dorsiflexion. However, it is also found from the studies that SMOs are mainly given to the children to help them from excessive subtalar eversion (Looper Ulrich, 2010). The flat foot is known in different terms such as pes planus, pronated foot, hyper-pronated feet, hyper-pronated feet and pes plano-valgus. Although the midt arsal dorsiflexion can occur in the adult people, doctors mostly prescribe SMO for the children. According to the researchers, SMO is helpful to distribute the pressure points in the contact period, therefore significantly helpful for the subtalar, mid-foot and forefoot instability. However, SMO is not recommended for extension instability or knee flexion. Selection of the device, which theoretically offers the highest degree of subtalar control After studying all four devices, such as SMO (supramalleolar orthosis), CCO (crouch control orthosis), SAFO (solid ankle-foot orthosis) and AAFO (articulated ankle-foot orthosis), it can be said that CCO (crouch control orthosis) is the best device, which theoretically offers the highest degree of subtalar. From the study, it is found that the application of the CCO includes active functions. CCOs are considered as the lower leg orthosis, which is a solid as well as articulating device. The device is especially designed to discourage, prevent or resist the excessive, knee flexion, hip flexion and dorsiflexion of crouch gait (Mulligan, 2011). Therefore, it is considered as the specialized for the active function. It is also found that solid CCO is showed satisfactory solution in most of the cases related to the children. According to the Jastifer et al., (2015), CCO is a modified device, which is better than the AAFOs or SAFOs. The CCOs have a long and rigid foot lever, which prolongs the usual midstance knee extension moment and helpful to prevent metatarsophalangeal extension. Although the reduction of the foot lever may cause alleviation of few problems but proved as extensively helpful in order to compromise the ground reaction capability of the device. It is also found that CCOblock the dorsiflexion mechanically at the TCJ in a significant degree. Secondly, it is also recognized that rigid and long foot and shank sections are useful to magnify the normal knee extension during midstance. This facility is not available in the other devices. Prescription of an AAFO with free, assisted dorsiflexion and restricted plantar flexion is helpful to facilitate- Prescription of AAFO with free, assisted dorsiflexion and restricted plantar flexion would seem most appropriate in order to facilitate gradual improvement in dorsiflexion range among children with spasticity and mild fixed equines contracture. From researches it is found that, the various functions of the AAFOs (Articulated Ankle-Foot Orthosis) include active function as well as active deformity management. The ankle articulation is generally used as more functional alternative than the basic SAFO design. The AAFO (Articulated Ankle-Foot Orthosis) provide a high level of forefoot joint control as well as the control of TCJ, STJ and MTJ. According to Yamamoto et al., (2011), the AAFO is designed to promote the normalize motion by using three ankle rockers. Although it is also recognized that a greater strength as well as muscle control are also needed from the patient who is using AAFO (Articulated Ankle-Foot Orthosis) than other solid devices. According to researchers, it also found that in order to deformity management in night splints the AAFO is designed in a better way, which is now commercially available in the market. This commercially available AAFO (Articulated Ankle-Foot Orthosis) device incorporates a basic hinge at the ankle (Dubin, 2014). This device also offers a band-connecting shaft, which is stretchable as well as foot sections. According to the clinicians, this commercially available designed AAFO (Articulated Ankle-Foot Orthosis) is very effective for the patients with dorsiflexion, especially the children. This device is especially designed with dorsiflexion-assist articulation, which is consists of 100 planter flexion stop as well as unrestricted dorsiflexion. The ground reaction of AFOs are utilized for children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Summarization of evidences, which are presented by Rogozinski et al., (2009). From different researches, it is found that the clinicians mostly prescribe ankle-foot orthosis for the children, who are suffering from cerebral palsy. The patients who are recommended for AFOs foud to walk with severe ankle dorsiflexion as well as suffering from vigorous knee flexion in the period of the stance phase of gait. The AFO is used as more functional alternative than the basic SAFO design. The AFO provide a high level of forefoot joint control as well as the control of TCJ, STJ and MTJ. Therefore, AFOs are helpful to use for the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Rogozinski et al., (2009) showed in their research the efficacy of the Floor-Reaction AFO (Ankle-Foot Orthosis) in the children who are suffering from Cerebral Palsy. In this research, the reaserchers assessed all the children who are diagnosed for cerebral palsy in two conditions, such as braced walking and bare footed. In addition, they also examined the minimum sagittal knee moment in midstance for those who walked without assistive devices. After analyzing the result the researchers managed to conclude that the floor-reaction ankle-foot orthosis is effective in the aspect of restricting plane ankle motion for the gait patient, who are diagnose for cerebral palsy in the time of stance phase (Rogozinski et al., 2009). According to the findings, hip as well as knee flexion contractures of 15 were considered as the limit of orthosis efficacy in the context of controlling knee extension during midstance (Rogozinski et al., 2009). It is also found that the researchers level of evidence s of their research as Therapeutic level III. a) Effect of Botulinum A (BOTOX) One of the most common drug in the treatment of spasticity among the children is Botulinum A (BOTOX). According to the researchers, BOTOX is generally injected in the muscle to block the connection between muscles and nerves (Hoare et al., 2010). The effect of BOTOX (one dose) lasts for 3-6 months in case of treating muscle spasms. However, it is also found that the researchers are not sure that the use of BOTOX is as safe as to treat spasticity in upper-limb muscles than those in fingers, elbow or lower-limb. In addition, another drawback of using BOTOX is, if it spread in other limbs other than with spasticity, it may cause severe side effects. b) Intrathecal Baclofen pump An ITB (intrathecal baclofen) is considered as the drug delivery system in order to muscle spasticity. ITB is directly administrated (injected) in the spinal fluid (intrathecally). Therefore, it is observed that lower dose of ITB can work better than other drugs, which are used to treat muscle spasticity (Borowski et al. 2010). On the other hand, the benefit of using ITB is its use of smaller dose also decreases the risk of side effects like drowsiness. ITB may be helpful to reduce dystonia and muscle spasticity but it is not helpful to reduce other problems, which are associated with cerebral palsy. c) Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy According to the researchers, use of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) is the best way to treat muscle spasticity, which is even proved as better than orthopedic surgery (Kwon et al., 2012). In SDR procedure, the neurosurgeons, remove the lamina from 5-7 vertebrae. This technique is vastly used on the children with spastic cerebral palsy. This technique is useful to the reduction of hip flexor spasticity and the risk of developing spinal deformities. However, the process is complicated have risks in surgery. a) Adductor lengthening According to the researchers, these types of muscles get rigid due to muscle spasticity (Schwartz et al., 2013). The surgery is needed to various reasons, such as to help child with dislocation heap, helping child facing trouble with walking due to scissoring and thirdly lengthening the muscles so that the child can spread legs apart. The surgery involves the gracilis muscles and adductor longus, which are located at the groin. In this treatment, doctors cut down these muscles completely and allow retracting the muscles. If the contracture is excessive then it is observed that the adductor brevis is also lengthened. The sergeants also cut the obturator nerve partially (anterior branches) to weaken these muscles (Hage et al., 2010). After surgery the child experience immense pain, though pain killer is administrated. The doctors do not apply casting, which help the child to move limbs. However, the child needs physical therapy. The parents also went through mental torment but need to have patience. References Bar-On, L., Aertbelin, E., Wambacq, H., Severijns, D., Lambrecht, K., Dan, B., ... Jaspers, E. (2013). A clinical measurement to quantify spasticity in children with cerebral palsy by integration of multidimensional signals.Gait posture,38(1), 141-147. Borowski, A., Littleton, A. G., Borkhuu, B., Presedo, A., Shah, S., Dabney, K. W., ... Miller, F. (2010). Complications of intrathecal baclofen pump therapy in pediatric patients.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics,30(1), 76-81. Bousie, J. (2013). Foot-orthosis-shoe interactions in cycling. Carmick, J. (2012). Importance of orthotic subtalar alignment for development and gait of children with cerebral palsy.Pediatric Physical Therapy,24(4), 302-307. Dubin, A. (2014). Gait: the role of the ankle and foot in walking.Medical Clinics of North America,98(2), 205-211. El Hage, S., Rachkidi, R., Noun, Z., Haidar, R., Dagher, F., Kharrat, K., Ghanem, I. (2010). Is percutaneous adductor tenotomy as effective and safe as the open procedure?.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics,30(5), 485-488. Hoare, B. J., Wallen, M. A., Imms, C., Villanueva, E., Rawicki, H. B., Carey, L. (2010). Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic cerebral palsy (UPDATE)(Review).Cochrane Database Syst,1, CD003469. Jastifer, J. R., Alrafeek, S., Howard, P., Gustafson, P. A., Coughlin, M. J. (2015). Biomechanical Evaluation of Strength and Stiffness of Subtalar Joint Arthrodesis Screw Constructs.Foot ankle international, 1071100715619680. Kotwicki, T., Grivas, T. B. (2012).Research Into Spinal Deformities 8(Vol. 176). Ios Press. Kwon, D. R., Park, G. Y., Lee, S. U., Chung, I. (2012). Spastic cerebral palsy in children: dynamic sonoelastographic findings of medial gastrocnemius.Radiology,263(3), 794-801. Looper, J., Ulrich, D. A. (2010). Effect of treadmill training and supramalleolar orthosis use on motor skill development in infants with Down syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.Physical therapy,90(3), 382-390. Mulligan, E. P. (2011). Evaluation and management of ankle syndesmosis injuries.Physical Therapy in Sport,12(2), 57-69. Rogozinski, B. M., Davids, J. R., Davis, R. B., Jameson, G. G., Blackhurst, D. W. (2009). The efficacy of the floor-reaction ankle-foot orthosis in children with cerebral palsy.J Bone Joint Surg Am,91(10), 2440-2447. Schwartz, M. H., Rozumalski, A., Truong, W., Novacheck, T. F. (2013). Predicting the outcome of intramuscular psoas lengthening in children with cerebral palsy using preoperative gait data and the random forest algorithm.Gait posture,37(4), 473-479. Tang, S. F. T., Chen, C. H., Wu, C. K., Hong, W. H., Chen, K. J., Chen, C. K. (2015). The effects of total contact insole with forefoot medial posting on rearfoot movement and foot pressure distributions in patients with flexible flatfoot.Clinical neurology and neurosurgery,129, S8-S11. Yamamoto, S., Fuchi, M., Yasui, T. (2011). Change of rocker function in the gait of stroke patients using an ankle foot orthosis with an oil damper: immediate changes and the short-term effects.Prosthetics and orthotics international,35(4), 350-359.

Nobody Like a Copycat free essay sample

Conveniently, while students are completing their research, many subjects have topics that represent their Houghton so perfectly that they can not put it in their own words. And instead of taking the effort to word the information differently or citing references correctly they are in violation of copyright laws, the act known as plagiarism. Professors and faculty members are faced with the need to Stop this unethical behavior by first coming to the realization that plagiarism is a problem in todays academic society and the reasons behind the students behavior and then deciding on the best way to stop plagiarism from getting out of control. The negative impact with the growing trend of plagiarism not only affects he faculty members in todays academic society but the students as well. According to a study conducted by Duke Universitys Center for Academic Integrity (Vincent, Overlord, and Adams, 2006), internet plagiarism has quadrupled in the past six years. The growing amount of information available for students to gain knowledge online is making it harder for professors to check references and possible plagiarism. In a 1999 survey, 10% of students admitted to popularizing off the Internet, that number rose to 41 % in 2001 (Toots, 2004).One could assume that the alarming rate of increase could possibly be due to the students lack of guilt in admitting to plagiarism instead of the overall increase in the amount of plagiarism itself. Whether this assumption is valid or not, the situation at hand is still a growing dilemma and is not committed primarily by the lower-achieving students but the high-achieving students that have the most to gain (Toots, 2004). The deterioration of ethics in the academic world cannot wholly be blamed on the students; fore the administration is responsible for taking actions against these methods. Collegiate studies showed that nearly 88% of faculty embers admitted they observed some form of cheating and that only 32% of those members did anything about the situation (Morales, 2000). Many professors rather have a favorable evaluation from students than to deal with the hassles of trying to prove that a student has committed plagiarism. These hassles include lack of support from the administration and fears of being sued by student who are acquitted of any charges (Morales, 2000). What good is to teach that plagiarism is ethically wrong when the professors who teach this fundamental value will not take the steps to correct the problem?These students who commit plagiarism whether it is from laziness or from not being taught correctly on proper citation are the leaders of the future. A very disturbing thought if one thinks about it. The World Wide Web with its vast and seemingly unlimited resources of knowledge harbor sites that make money for creating ideas and writing research and term papers for students. A student can easily purchase an original essay from Graveside. Com or have experts in India complete computer-programming homework from Orientated. Com (Vincent et al. 2006).With the wide spread use of the Internet throughout the campuses ND the pressures of deadlines on students, especially during then end of term, this booming business of buying and selling of popularized work is being used more often. Students only have to look to search engines such as Google to find sites like Appeasers. Com or Essayists. Com that offer thousands of subjects to relieve some of the pressures of college (Toots, 2004). For one day delivery, for the low price of 324. 95, a student can purchase an original essay including free bibliography and footnotes from schoolbooks. Mom (Mackerel, 2006). This price drops to $14. 95 if one would like three day delivery for their essay. Imagine, students price shopping for their original essays on the internet. I was going to go with Orientated. Com but schoolbooks. Com was offering free footnotes this month. You cant beat an offer like that. What has become of ethics in todays academic society? University of Central England found (McLeod, 2006) that the average student was posting four to seven assignments online to be completed by someone else.The study also discovered that companies, acting as middlemen, were bidding on assignments so that it is harder for students to be found out by faculty members. When your in the black-market or popularized assignments, one cannot be to careful. Sean Currie, a junior from the University of Marquette, Wisconsin was interviewed (Toots, 2004). He states that the reason he uses the products offered online is because Of the pressure to succeed. He goes on to say that, If you get a 4. 0 or a 3. 5, youre going to die old and lonely in a gutter. And in his wisdom he adds that the smartest cheaters do not copy or cut-and-paste but they steal others ideas. With that being said, would it not be scary to find out that he became your stock broker or your lawyer? He represents the voice of todays academic society and tomorrows ethical business man. While students have used the Internet to find various sites to have their assignments cultured for them; professors have an assortment of sites to submit assignments to check for plagiarism. Turning. Com is by far the most widely known web based plagiarism checker available for university faculty to use.The company was created by paradigms in the late 1 asss and represents clients from over 50 countries (Toots, 2004). Turning. Com has billions Of published papers and prior essays written by students to compare against the submitted material (McLeod, 2006). The database will then spot any suspicious information and present the professor with a side-by-side copy of both the submitted paper and the original work found. The professor can then determine if the student copied the information or if the information is just written fairly alike. This side-by-side copy of information is needed when presenting a case of plagiarism to the university administration. Another site available is authenticate. Com, created by John Barrier founder of and CEO of paradigms. authenticate is an offshoot of the Turning. Com technology that the company created and is used by 2,500 universities and gig schools nationwide (Berger, 2004). Clients of authenticate can be expected to pay a base fee of $1 ,OHO plus additional fees for every 500 words submitted. Mudroom. Com is also a plagiarism detection seems that was made available in the fall of 2003.Annual fees for this service range from $5,000 to $1 5,000 (Berger, 2004). Turn-around time for results through Mudroom is 12 to 24 hours. While many universities and newspaper companies use these anti-plagiarism sites there are those people in society that feel that the use of these sites are themselves using unethical behavior. Peter Levin, of the London School of Economics states (McLeod, 2006), Ironically, Turning is taking millions Of previously submitted papers, in each of which the copyright resides with the student author, and C without the freely given consent of the author C] using them to make money. Although the sites are not violating any copyright laws, the thought of a legitimate business making money off of the writings of others without consent could be questionable. Without these sites, teachers would be facing an unbearable amount of research to verify every students written paper s. Whether or not sing the plagiarism sites is thought of by some as unethical the alternative of not using them would be to ultimately let those already popularizing and many more to get away with it unchecked.With the rise of plagiarism in the academic society the university faculty and administrative body need to come up with ideas to keep plagiarism at bay. Some universities require all [plagiarism] cases to be reported to special committees while other universities tend to let the teacher deal with the offending student (Toots, 2004). Universities have to lay down rules and punishments for any academic conducts and be willing to follow through with their policies. Students and faculty members should be presented with a Code of Ethics that goes into detail of what is considered plagiarism and the punishments if one is caught.The teacher should not have to be the ones to carry out the investigations or hand out the punishments. Professors should also not be criticized or dismissed w hen they come to the school administration with a case of plagiarism. The school administration should conduct a formal investigation on the said student showing proof of innocence or guilt before coming to the punishment of the offense. Plagiarism should be considered a severe offense and thus have severe punishments according to the offense made.Minor offenses could be that the student did not site information obtained correctly or bits and pieces of information has been cut and pasted into the paper. The extreme offenses of plagiarism would include those students who cheat for their grade by coping papers written by others or buying their assignments through the Web. Various punishments for these said offences could mean: formal counseling from the administration; documentation of the offence to be placed in the students file; loss of credit for the assignment r the entire class; suspension; and/or expulsion.Professors should try to create a learning environment that prevents plagiarism from becoming a problem. The students should be taught thoroug hly on citing information and referencing material during writing so that simple mistakes of citing are not an issue. Assignments could be designed to have the students reflect on their own progress, or draw on personal experience. (McLeod, 2006) Doing so would make plagiarism harder because every student has different experiences that he or she can relate to for any given idea.Another idea to press plagiarism is to have the student discuss the material in class, like an oral exam (McLeod, 2006). If the student has to verbally explain the assignment and how one came to that conclusion then the student will have to have an understanding of the information being discussed. Other ideas are to have the students complete the assignment in stages (Puke, 2005). An example would be for the professor to have the outline, rough draft, and the final copy presented for credit. This proves a work in progress that would eliminate the possibility that the student purchased his or her assignment through a paper mill.

Use Our Free 20 Sample Topics of Compare and Contrast Essay

When you get assigned to compare and contrast essay, it means that your professor wants to check how well you can identify and analyze similarities or differences between two separate objects. But why exactly should you be able to do that? Well, the thing is that this is a basic skill that you will use not only in all other academic papers but throughout your whole life. So, brace yourself up because you should make an effort to gain it. In compare and contrast essays it is essential to structure the text properly, write a decent introduction and conclusion as well as construct believable arguments supported by solid evidence. However, the most important thing is to select the most suitable topic for your writing. It’s not that you can just take an apple and orange, and create an academic paper comparing them. What’s the point? You must carry through the process for a greater purpose like understanding better the relationships between things or grasping the connection even if it’s hidden. That’s why you need to pick objects that can be: Compared or contrasted (it may be obvious, but, then, students choose subjects like â€Å"iOS vs. eBook†, and it doesn’t seem that evident anymore). Put into one category (but they must have differences/similarities). Practically the same with slight differences that change the whole picture. If you struggle to develop your own topics, academic writing agency can easily support you. Just send your offer and get qualified help. The topic that conforms to the criteria mentioned above would be a perfect subject for your compare and contrast essay. It is also significant not to be too blatant. The readers will not be interested in the paper that states self-evident claims. So, you need to uncover hidden messages and almost unnoticeable similarities or differences. To help you with the selection, we’ve compiled a list of sample compare and contrast essay topics that will put you in the right mood and inspire to come up with decent writing. 1) The Changes in Mentality of College Students Who Work While Studying vs. Regular Learners 2) Singapore English vs. British English: Will the Speakers Understand Each Other? 3) The Similarities between Employment and Education 4) Which Test Opens More Doors: IELTS or TOEFL? 5) Competency-Based Learning vs. Accelerated Bachelor Degrees 6) What Are the Differences between Nazism and Fascism and Why Do People Mix Them up so Often? 7) The Effects on Organism of Caffeine from Coffee vs. Green Tea 8) The Productivity of Students During the Day vs. at Night: What Is the Main Game Changer? 9) The Difference between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms 10) Female vs. Male Gender Discrimination in Different Workplaces 11) Why Are Fans Usually More Satisfied with Books than Their Screen Adaptations? 12) What Is the Difference between Using Skype and Slack, and Why Do Corporations More Often Choose the Latter? 13) Online vs. Offline Advertising: Which Industries Prefer Real Printing over Digital Promotion? 14) Why Choose Forbes over New Your Times and Vice Versa 15) How the Hunger Games Story Is Similar to Divergent and Maze Runner 16) What is Healthier: Cooking in the Oven or Microwave? 17) What Changed During the Second Visit to the Moon Comparing to the First One? 18) Why Teenagers Perceive Anorexia with Obesity as Eating Disorders of Different Severity 19) The Unexpected Connection between Julius Caesar and Edward Snowden 20) The Differences between Oprah Winfrey and Ellen DeGeneres in Strategies of Hosting a Talk Show We hope that you will use these sample topics to get inspired and invent your own creative title that will go to the standards of compare and contrast writing. Impress your professors and develop your skills together with us!